NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Description of Business.

Cryo-Cell International, Inc. (“the Company” or “Cryo-Cell”) was incorporated in Delaware on September 11, 1989 and is headquartered in Oldsmar, Florida. The Company is organized in three reportable segments, cellular processing and cryogenic cellular storage, with a current focus on the collection and preservation of umbilical cord blood stem cells for family use, the manufacture of PrepaCyte CB units, the processing technology used to process umbilical cord blood stem cells and cellular processing, and cryogenic storage of umbilical cord blood stem cells for public use. Revenues recognized for the cellular processing and cryogenic cellular storage represent sales of the umbilical cord blood stem cells program to customers and income from licensees selling the umbilical cord blood stem cells program to customers outside the United States. Revenues recognized for the manufacture of PrepaCyte CB units represent sales of the PrepaCyte CB units to customers. Revenue recognized for the cryogenic storage of umbilical cord blood stem cells for public use is generated from the sale of the cord blood units to the National Marrow Donor Program (“NMDP”), which distributes the cord blood units to transplant centers located in the United States and around the world. The Company’s headquarters facility in Oldsmar, Florida handles all aspects of its U.S.-based business operations including the processing and storage of specimens, including specimens obtained from certain of its licensees’ customers. The specimens are stored in commercially available cryogenic storage equipment.

On October 10, 2001, Saneron Therapeutics, Inc. merged into one of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries, CCEL Bio-Therapies, Inc. (”CCBT”), which then changed its name to Saneron CCEL Therapeutics, Inc. (“SCTI” or ”Saneron”). As part of the merger, the Company contributed 260,000 shares of its common stock, whose fair value was $1,924,000 and 195,000 common shares of another of its subsidiaries, Stem Cell Preservation Technologies, Inc., whose fair value was $3,900. At the conclusion of the merger, the Company retained a 43.42% non-controlling interest in the voting stock of SCTI. As of November 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company had an interest of approximately 33% in the voting stock of SCTI. The accompanying consolidated financial statements as of November 30, 2018 and 2017 reflect the investment in SCTI under the equity method of accounting.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements as of November 30, 2018 and November 30, 2017 and for the years then ended includes the accounts of the Company and all of its subsidiaries, which are inactive. All intercompany balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Concentration of Risks

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are principally cash and cash equivalent accounts in financial institutions, which often exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) limit. The Company places its cash with high quality financial institutions and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk. The Company may from time to time invest some of its cash funds in certificates of deposit and bond investments maintained by brokers who are insured under the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC). The Company believes these are conservative investments with a low risk for any loss of principal. The Company regularly assesses its marketable security investments for impairment and adjusts its investment strategy as it deems appropriate.

The Company depends on one supplier for the source of its collection kits, a critical component of the umbilical cord blood stem cell collection process. However, the Company believes that alternative sources of supply are available.

The Company depends on three suppliers for the supply and manufacturing of the PrepaCyte CB units. However, the Company believes that alternative sources of supply and manufacturing are available.

The Company depends on one third party, the National Marrow Donor Program, to manage the public umbilical cord stem cells that are needed for transplant.

During fiscal 2018 and 2017, there were no concentration of risks.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition for Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables

For multi-element arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their relative selling prices. In such circumstances, accounting principles establish a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to deliverables as follows: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (“VSOE”), (ii) third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”), and (iii) best estimate of the selling price (“ESP”). VSOE generally exists only when the Company sells the deliverable separately and it is the price actually charged by the Company for that deliverable.

The Company has identified two deliverables generally contained in the arrangements involving the sale of its umbilical cord blood product. The first deliverable is the processing of a specimen. The second deliverable is either the annual storage of a specimen, the 18-year or 21-year storage fee charged for a specimen or the life-time storage fee charged for a specimen. The Company has allocated revenue between these deliverables using the relative selling price method. The Company has VSOE for its annual storage fees as the Company renews storage fees annually with its customers on a stand-alone basis. Because the Company has neither VSOE nor TPE for the processing, 18-year or 21-year storage and life-time storage deliverables, the allocation of revenue has been based on the Company’s ESPs. Amounts allocated to processing a specimen are recognized at the time the processing of the specimen is complete. Amounts allocated to the storage of a specimen are recognized ratably over the contractual storage period. Any discounts given to the customer are recognized by applying the relative selling price method whereby after the Company determines the selling price to be allocated to each deliverable (processing and storage), the sum of the prices of the deliverables is then compared to the arrangement consideration, and any difference is applied to the separate deliverables ratably.

 

The Company’s process for determining its ESP for deliverables without VSOE or TPE considers multiple factors that may vary depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each deliverable. Key factors considered by the Company in developing the ESPs for its processing, 21-year storage and life-time storage fee include the Company’s historical pricing practices, as well as expected profit margins.

The Company records revenue from processing and storage of specimens and pursuant to agreements with licensees. The Company recognizes revenue from processing fees upon completion of processing and recognizes storage fees ratably over the contractual storage period as well as other income from royalties paid by licensees related to long-term storage contracts which the Company has under license agreements. Contracted storage periods are annual, twenty-one years and lifetime. Deferred revenue on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets includes the portion of the annual storage fee, the twenty-one-year storage fee and the life-time storage fee that is being recognized over the contractual storage period as well as royalties received from foreign licensees related to long-term storage contracts in which the Company has future obligations under the license agreement. The Company classifies deferred revenue as current if the Company expects to recognize the related revenue over the next 12 months. The Company also records revenue within processing and storage fees from shipping and handling billed to customers when earned. Shipping and handling costs that the Company incurs are expensed and included in cost of sales.

The Company records revenue from the sale of the PrepaCyte CB product line upon shipment of the product to the Company’s customers.

The Company records revenue for the Public Cord Blood Bank from the sales of cord blood stem cell units upon shipment. The Company sells and provides units not likely to be of therapeutic use for research to qualified organizations and companies operating under Institutional Review Board approval. The Company recognizes revenue upon delivery of the unit.

Revenue Sharing Agreements

The Company entered into Revenue Sharing Agreements (“RSAs”) prior to 2002 with various third and related parties. The Company’s RSAs provide that in exchange for a non-refundable up-front payment, the Company would share for the duration of the contract a percentage of its future storage revenue collected from the annual storage fees charged related to a certain number of specimens that originated from specific geographical areas. The RSAs have no definitive term or termination provisions. The sharing applies to the storage fees collected for all specified specimens in the area up to the number covered in the contract. When the number of specimens is filled, any additional specimens stored in that area are not subject to revenue sharing. As there are empty spaces resulting from attrition, the Company agrees to fill them as soon as possible. The Company has reflected these up-front payments as long-term liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company does not intend to enter into additional RSAs.

In the future, the Company could reverse the liability relating to the RSAs over an appropriate period of time, based on the Company’s expectations of the total amount of payments it expects to pay to the other party under the particular RSA. However, the RSAs do not establish a finite term or time frame over which to estimate the total payments and the Company had not previously estimated and has concluded that it is not currently practicable to estimate the projected cash flows under the RSAs. At present, the Company intends to defer the reversal of the liability, until such time as these amounts can be determined. During the periods when the Company defers the reversal of the liability, the quarterly payments made during these periods will be treated as interest expense, which will be recognized as the payments become due. In future periods, if a portion of the liability can be de-recognized based on the effective interest method, the payments will be allocated between interest and amortization of the liability. As cash is paid out to the other party during any period, the liability would be de-recognized based on the portion of the total anticipated payouts made during the period, using the effective interest method. That is, a portion of the payment would be recorded as interest expense, and the remainder would be treated as repayment of principal, which would reduce the liability.

License and Royalty Agreements

The Company has entered into licensing agreements with certain investors in various international markets in an attempt to capitalize on the Company’s technology. The investors typically pay a licensing fee to receive Company marketing programs, technology and know-how in a selected area. The investor may be given a right to sell sub-license agreements as well. As part of the accounting for the up-front license fee paid, or payable, to the Company, revenue from the up-front license fee is recognized based on such factors as when the payment is due, collectability and when all material services or conditions relating to the sale have been substantially performed by the Company based on the terms of the agreement. The Company has twelve active licensing agreements. The following areas each have one license agreement: El Salvador, Guatemala, Panama, Honduras, China and Pakistan. The following areas each have two license agreements: India, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.

In addition to the license fee, the Company earns processing and storage fees on subsequent processing and storage revenues received by the licensee in the licensed territory and a fee on any sub-license agreements that are sold by the licensee where applicable. These fees are included in processing and storage fees revenue on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). As part of the accounting for royalty revenue from India, the Company uses estimates and judgments based on historical processing and storage volume in determining the timing and amount of royalty revenue to recognize. The Company periodically reviews license and royalty receivables for collectability and, if necessary, will record an expense for an allowance for uncollectible accounts.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with a maturity date of three months or less at the time of purchase.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist of uncollateralized amounts due from clients that have enrolled and processed in the umbilical cord blood stem cell processing and storage programs and amounts due from license affiliates, and sublicensee territories. Accounts receivable are due within 30 days and are stated at amounts net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts outstanding longer than the contractual payment terms are considered past due. The Company determines its allowance by considering the length of time accounts receivable are past due, the Company’s previous loss history, and the client’s current ability to pay its obligations. Therefore, if the financial condition of the Company’s clients were to deteriorate beyond the estimates, the Company may have to increase the allowance for doubtful accounts which could have a negative impact on earnings. The Company writes-off accounts receivable when they become uncollectible, and payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance for doubtful accounts.

 

Inventory

As part of the Asset Purchase Agreement, (see Note 2), the Company has an agreement with Duke University (“Duke”) expiring on January 31, 2020 for Duke to receive, process, and store cord blood units for the Public Cord Blood Bank (“Duke Services”). As of November 30, 2018, the Company had approximately 6,000 cord blood units in inventory. These units are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs include the cost of collecting, transporting, processing and storing the unit. Costs charged by Duke for their Duke Services are based on a monthly fixed fee for storing 12 blood units per month. The Company computes the cost per unit for these Duke Services and capitalizes the unit cost on all blood units shipped and stored in a year at Duke. If the Company ships and stores less than 144 blood units with Duke in a one-year period, a portion of these fixed costs are expensed and included in facility operating costs. Certain costs of collection incurred, such as the cost of collection staff and transportation costs incurred to ship Public Bank units from hospitals to the stem cell laboratory are allocated to banked units based on an average cost method. Costs incurred related to cord blood units that cannot be sold are expensed in the period incurred and are included in facility operating costs in the accompanying statements of operations. The Company records a reserve against inventory for units which have been processed and frozen but may not ultimately become distributable (see Note 3).

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided primarily by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. Estimated useful lives of property and equipment are as follows:

 

Furniture and equipment		3-10 years
Leasehold improvements		Lesser of 8-10 years or the lives of the leases
Computer software – internal use		1-5 years

Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the respective life of the lease or the estimated useful lives of the improvements. Upon the sale or retirement of depreciable assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation is removed from the accounts and the resulting profit or loss is reflected in earnings. Expenditures for maintenance, repairs and minor betterments are expensed as incurred.

The Company capitalizes external direct costs of materials and services consumed in developing or obtaining internal-use computer software. Capitalized internal-use software costs, which are included in property and equipment, are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the software.

Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates the realizability of its long-lived assets, which requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment, such as reductions in demand or when significant economic slowdowns are present. Reviews are performed to determine whether the carrying value of an asset is impaired, based on comparisons to undiscounted expected future cash flows. If this comparison indicates that there is impairment and carrying value is in excess of fair value, the impaired asset is written down to fair value, which is typically calculated using: (i) quoted market prices or (ii) discounted expected future cash flows utilizing a discount rate. The Company did not note any impairment as of November 30, 2018 and November 30, 2017, respectively.

 

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of the assets acquired from Cord:Use (Note 2) over the estimated fair value of the net tangible, intangible and identifiable assets acquired. The annual assessment of the reporting unit is performed as of September 1st, and an assessment is performed at other times if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the asset below its carrying value. Step one of the impairment assessment compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value and if the fair value exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is not impaired. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, the implied fair value of goodwill is compared to the carrying value of goodwill. If the implied fair value exceeds the carrying value then goodwill is not impaired; otherwise, an impairment loss would be recorded by the amount the carrying value exceeds the implied fair value. As of November 30, 2018, and November 30, 2017, goodwill, is reflected on the consolidated balance sheets at $1,941,411 and $0.

Income Taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to be recovered or settled. The Company records a valuation allowance when it is “more likely than not” that all of the future income tax benefits will not be realized. When the Company changes its determination as to the amount of deferred income tax assets that can be realized, the valuation allowance is adjusted with a corresponding impact to income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made. The ultimate realization of the Company’s deferred income tax assets depends upon generating sufficient taxable income prior to the expiration of the tax attributes. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, the Company projects future levels of taxable income. This assessment requires significant judgment. The Company examines the evidence related to the recent history of losses, the economic conditions in which the Company operates and forecasts and projections to make that determination.

The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. Increases or decreases to the unrecognized tax benefits could result from management’s belief that a position can or cannot be sustained upon examination based on subsequent information or potential lapse of the applicable statute of limitation for certain tax positions.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. For fiscal 2018 and 2017 the Company had no uncertain tax provisions and therefore no material provisions for interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.

Research, Development and Related Engineering Costs

Research, development and related engineering costs are expensed as incurred.

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales represents the associated expenses resulting from the processing, testing, storage and delivery of the umbilical cord blood. Cost of sales related to PrepaCyte CB represents the associated expenses resulting from the manufacturing of the PrepaCyte CB units. Cost of sales related to the Public Cord Blood Bank represents the associated expenses resulting from the collection, shipping, processing and storage of the cord blood stem cell units.

 

Advertising

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income. Total advertising expense for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2018 and 2017 was approximately $986,664 and $1,008,000, respectively.

Rent Expense

Rent is expensed on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and is included in cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income. All leases include provisions for escalations and related costs.

Legal Expense

Legal fees are expensed as incurred and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Management uses a fair value hierarchy, which gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets. The fair value of financial instruments is estimated based on market trading information, where available. Absent published market values for an instrument or other assets, management uses observable market data to arrive at its estimates of fair value. Management believes that the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The Company believes that the fair value of its Revenue Sharing Agreements (”RSA”) liability recorded on the balance sheet is between the recorded book value and up to the Company’s previous settlement experience, due to the various terms and conditions associated with each RSA.

The Company uses an accounting standard that defines fair value as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the standard establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

 

Level  1		Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level  2		Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level  3		Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

The following table summarizes our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of November 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, segregated among the appropriate levels within the fair value hierarchy:

 

						Fair Value Measurements
		Fair Value at				at November 30, 2018 Using
Description		November 30, 2018				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3
Assets:
Trading securities		$	68,816			$	68,816				—				—
Available-for-sale securities			806,873				806,873				—				—
Total		$	875,689			$	875,689				—				—
Liabilities:
Contingent consideration		$	4,282,975			$	—				—			$	4,282,975
Total		$	4,282,975			$	—				—			$	4,282,975
Contingent Consideration:
Beginning Balance as of November 30, 2017		$	———
Additions – Cord:Use earnout			4,698,255
Fair value adjustment as of November 30, 2018			(415,280	)
Ending balance as of November 30, 2018		$	4,282,975

 

						Fair Value Measurements
		Fair Value at				at November 30, 2017 Using
Description		November 30, 2017				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3
Assets:
Trading securities		$	96,600			$	96,600				—				—
Available-for-sale securities			342,722				342,722				—				—
Total		$	439,322			$	439,322				—				—

The following is a description of the valuation techniques used for these items, as well as the general classification of such items pursuant to the fair value hierarchy:

Trading securities – Fair values for these investments are based on quoted prices of identical securities in active markets and are therefore classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.     For trading securities, there was approximately ($28,000) and ($82,000) in unrealized holding losses, respectively, recorded in other income and expense on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income for the twelve months ended November 30, 2018 and 2017.

 

Available-for-sale securities – These investments are classified as available for sale and consist of marketable equity securities that we intend to hold for an indefinite period of time. Investments are stated at fair value and unrealized holding gains and losses are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income until realized. Realized gains or losses on disposition of investments are computed using the first in, first out (FIFO) method and reported as income or loss in the period of disposition in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income. For available-for-sale securities, there was approximately $300,000 and $6,000 in unrealized holding gains (loss), net of tax, respectively, reported as comprehensive income on the accompanying statements of comprehensive (loss) income for the years ended November 30, 2018 and 2017.

Contingent consideration - The contingent consideration is the earnout that Cord:Use is entitled to from the Company’s sale of the public cord blood inventory from and after closing. See Note 2. The estimated fair value of the contingent earnout was determined using a monte carlo analysis examining the frequency and mean value of the resulting earnout payments. The resulting value captures the risk associated with the form of the payout structure. The risk-neutral method is applied, resulting in a value that captures the risk associated with the form of the payout structure and the projection risk. The carrying amount of the liability may fluctuate significantly and actual amounts paid may be materially different from the estimated value of the liability.

Product Warranty and Cryo-Cell Cares^TM Program

In December 2005, the Company began providing its customers that enrolled after December 2005 a payment warranty under which the Company agrees to pay $50,000 to its client if the umbilical cord blood product retrieved is used for a stem cell transplant for the donor or an immediate family member and fails to engraft, subject to various restrictions. Effective February 1, 2012, the Company increased the $50,000 payment warranty to a $75,000 payment warranty to all of its new clients. Effective June 1, 2017, the Company increased the payment warranty to $100,000 to all new clients who choose the premium processing method, Prepacyte CB. Additionally, under the Cryo-Cell Cares^TM program, the Company will pay $10,000 to the client to offset personal expenses if the umbilical cord blood product is used for bone marrow reconstitution in a myeloblative transplant procedure. The product warranty and the Cryo-Cell Cares program are available to clients who enroll under this structure for as long as the specimen is stored with the Company. The Company has not experienced any claims under the warranty program nor has it incurred costs related to these warranties. The Company does not maintain insurance for this warranty program and therefore maintains reserves to cover any estimated potential liabilities. The Company’s reserve balance is based on the $75,000 or $50,000 (as applicable) maximum payment and the $10,000 maximum expense reimbursement multiplied by formulas to determine the projected number of units requiring a payout. The Company determined the estimated expected usage and engraftment failure rates based on an analysis of the historical usage and failure rates and the historical usage and failure rates in other private and public cord blood banks based on published data. The Company’s estimates of expected usage and engraftment failure could change as a result of changes in actual usage rates or failure rates and such changes would require an adjustment to the established reserves. The historical usage and failure rates have been very low and a small increase in the number of transplants or engraftment failures could cause a significant increase in the estimated rates used in determining the Company’s reserve. In addition, the reserve will increase as additional umbilical cord blood specimens are stored which are subject to the warranty. As of November 30, 2018 and November 30, 2017 the Company recorded reserves under these programs in the amounts of approximately $18,000 and $18,000, respectively, which are included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

 

(Loss) Income per Common Share

Basic (loss) income per common share was computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the fiscal year ended or as of the date indicated. Diluted income per common share includes the effect of all dilutive stock options. The composition of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share is as follows:

 

			November 30, 2018				November 30, 2017
Numerator:
Net (loss) income		($	855,000	)		$	2,315,000
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding-basic			7,463,051				7,062,870
Dilutive common shares issuable upon exercise of stock options			—				590,114
Weighted-average shares-diluted			7,463,051				7,652,984
(Loss) Income per share:
Basic		($	0.11	)		$	0.33
Diluted		($	0.11	)		$	0.30

For the year ended November 30, 2018, the Company excluded the effect of all outstanding stock options from the computation of diluted earnings per share, as the effect of potentially dilutive shares from the outstanding stock options would be anti-dilutive.

For the year ended November 30, 2017, the Company excluded the effect of 22,500 stock options from the computation of diluted earnings per share, as the effect of potentially dilutive shares from the outstanding stock options would be anti-dilutive.

Stock Compensation

As of November 30, 2018, the Company has two stock-based employee compensation plans, which are described in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements. The Company’s stock-based employee compensation plan became effective December 1, 2011 as approved by the Board of Directors and approved by the stockholders at the 2012 Annual Meeting. The Company recognized approximately $478,000 and $972,000 for the fiscal years ended November 30, 2018 and November 30, 2017, respectively, of stock compensation expense. The Company reversed $444,000 of stock compensation expense during the twelve months ended November 30, 2018 as the Co-CEOs each opted to receive a lump sum cash payment in lieu of 30,000 shares of earned common stock pursuant to the terms of their Employment Agreements. The reversal had no impact on the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income as other compensation expense was recognized to offset the reversal.

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation based on the fair value of the related awards. Under the fair value recognition guidance of stock-based compensation accounting rules, stock-based compensation expense is estimated at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period of the award. The fair value of service-based vesting condition and performance-based vesting condition stock option awards is determined using the Black-Scholes valuation model. For stock option awards with only service-based vesting conditions and graded vesting features, the Company recognizes stock compensation expense based on the graded-vesting method. To value awards with market-based vesting conditions the Company uses a binomial valuation model. The Company recognizes compensation cost for awards with market-based vesting conditions on a graded-vesting basis over the derived service period calculated by the binomial valuation model. The use of these valuation models involves assumptions that are judgmental and highly sensitive in the determination of compensation expense and include the expected life of the option, stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, exercise price, and forfeiture rate. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of valuation and reduce expense ratably over the vesting period.

The estimation of stock awards that will ultimately vest requires judgment and to the extent that actual results or updated estimates differ from current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment in the period they become known. The Company considered many factors when estimating forfeitures, including the recipient groups and historical experience. Actual results and future changes in estimates may differ substantially from current estimates.

The Company issues performance-based equity awards which vest upon the achievement of certain financial performance goals, including revenue and income targets. Determining the appropriate amount to expense based on the anticipated achievement of the stated goals requires judgment, including forecasting future financial results. The estimate of the timing of the expense recognition is revised periodically based on the probability of achieving the required performance targets and adjustments are made as appropriate. The cumulative impact of any revision is reflected in the period of the change. If the financial performance goals are not met, the award does not vest, so no compensation cost is recognized and any previously stock-recognized stock-based compensation expense is reversed.

The Company issues equity awards with market-based vesting conditions which vest upon the achievement of certain stock price targets. If the awards are forfeited prior to the completion of the derived service period, any recognized compensation is reversed. If the awards are forfeited after the completion of the derived service period, the compensation cost is not reversed, even if the awards never vest.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-15, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other Internal-Use Software (Topic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract. This update addresses how a customer should account for the costs of implementing a cloud computing service arrangement (also referred to as a “hosting arrangement”). Entities should account for costs associated with implementing a cloud computing arrangement that is considered a service contract in the same way as accounting for implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain software for internal use using the guidance in Topic 350-40. The amendments address when costs should be capitalized rather than expensed, the term to use when amortizing capitalized costs, and how to evaluate the unamortized portion of these capitalized implementation costs for impairment. The ASU also includes guidance on how to present implementation costs in the financial statements and creates additional disclosure requirements. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This update simplifies the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions by expanding the scope of Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statements.

 

In February 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-02, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This update relates to the impacts of the tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”). The guidance permits the reclassification of certain income tax effects of the Act from Other Comprehensive Income to Retained Earnings (stranded tax effects). The guidance also requires certain new disclosures. The guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted. Entities may adopt the guidance using one of two transition methods; retrospective to each period (or periods) in which the income tax effects of the Act related to the items remaining in Other Comprehensive Income are recognized or at the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the guidance may have on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting. This update provides clarity, reduces the diversity in practice, and the cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718 to a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, although early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The update removes Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, although early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statements.

In December 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230). Restricted Cash. This update clarifies how entities should present restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. The new guidance requires a reconciliation of totals in the statement of cash flows to the related cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash captions in the balance sheet. The new standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This update addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statements.

 

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This update provides financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. To achieve this objective, the amendments in this update replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No.2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which sets forth a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers to improve comparability. Subsequently, the FASB issued several standards related to ASU 2014-09 (collectively, the “New Revenue Standard”). The New Revenue Standard requires revenue recognition to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The New Revenue Standard also requires expanded disclosures. Entities have the choice to apply these the New Revenue Standard retrospectively to each reporting period presented or recognize the cumulative effect of applying these standards at the date of the initial application and not adjust comparative information.

The Company’s implementation plan utilized a phased project plan. The Company gained an understanding of the New Revenue Standard and its potential impact on our revenue streams and contracts within those revenue streams. The Company then performed a detailed review of our historical revenue recognition policies and contracts to assess the potential impacts the New Revenue Standard may have on previously reported and future revenues. The Company is finalizing its assessment but has not identified any accounting changes that would materially affect the amount of the Company’s reported revenues. The Company, however, expects to capitalize incremental contract acquisition costs related to sales commissions and amortize the costs over the expected benefit period of the customer relationship.

The Company plans to adopt the standard using the modified retrospective method, which will apply the rules to contracts that are incomplete as of December 1, 2018. At transition, the Company will estimate the contract acquisition costs that should be capitalized and make an immaterial adjustment to retained earnings reflecting the cumulative impact for the accounting changes related to the adoption of the New Revenue Standard. The Company will complete the implementation of the New Revenue Standard and disclose the required information in the Company’s 10-Q for the first quarter of fiscal year 2019.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This update requires organizations that lease assets with lease terms of more than 12 months to recognize assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases on their balance sheets. It also requires new qualitative and quantitative disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on its consolidated balance sheets and related disclosures.

In January 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. This update requires all equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments, and eliminates the requirement for public entities to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for the accounting guidance on financial liabilities under the fair value option. The impact of the new standard for the Company will be that equity securities with a readily determinable fair value will no longer be classified as available for sale securities. The changes in fair value of these securities will be included in income from operations rather than comprehensive income on the Company’s financial statements.